Sectors - Climate TRACE
Sectors
Faster, more-effective decarbonization starts with detailed knowledge of emissions sources.
Power
Greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generation.
emissions
| subsector | definition | methodology | Co2e emmisions |
source | data frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
subsector Electricity generation Power |
definition Air emissions from thermal power plants from all major fuel sources including coal, natural gas, fuel oil, diesel, and incinerated waste. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from electricity generation - Emissions and ownership estimates for individual power plants |
methodology Power sector emissions are estimated by first assembling a global geolocated inventory of power plants, generation, and metered emissions data. Machine learning models then predict power plant generation from satellite images. These predictions are aggregated and combined with available generation data and carbon intensity factors to derive emissions estimates. Emissions from biomass combustion are reported in the 'other' data column to avoid double counting with the forestry sector. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
129.08
Billion Tonnes
22.22%
of total global emmisions
|
source Satellite imageryGround Truth Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Other energy use Power |
definition "Air emissions arising from fuel combustion that are not included in any other subsector. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from other energy use" |
methodology EDGAR energy subsectors were subtracted from Climate TRACE electricity generation to derive "other energy use" for years 2015 to 2023, with 2024 estimates forward filled. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
15.77
Billion Tonnes
2.71%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Heat plants Power |
definition Air emissions from the combustion of fuels for the production and distribution of heat through district heating plants. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from heat plants |
methodology Heat plant emissions are estimated by combining country-level fuel combustion for the production of heat at district heating plants gathered from energy datasets, along with fuel-specific emission factors. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
0.73
Billion Tonnes
0.13%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
Manufacturing
Greenhouse gas emissions from cement, aluminum, steel, and other manufacturing processes.
emissions
| subsector | definition | methodology | Co2e emmisions |
source | data frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
subsector Aluminum Manufacturing |
definition Direct air emissions released from alumina refining and aluminum smelting processes. Indirect emissions from electricity usage are provided separately. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from aluminum manufacture - Emissions estimates for individual smelting plants and alumina refinery emissions aggregated to the county or district level |
methodology Aluminum emissions were estimated by determining each individual plant’s contribution to the national aluminum capacity, which was used to estimate the plant’s share of country aluminum production. Relevant emissions factors for the plant were applied to derive emissions for a given year. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
4.18
Billion Tonnes
0.72%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Cement Manufacturing |
definition Air emissions released during the manufacture of cement, including both the emissions released during the chemical reaction to create the main component of cement (clinker), as well as the emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from cement manufacture - Emissions and ownership estimates for individual cement plants |
methodology Emissions from cement production are estimated by combining modeling with satellite imagery and plant-level capacity to generate asset-level cement production. The facility-level cement production values are calibrated against country-level production. Finally, plant-level emission factors are applied to derive total emissions. Country-level emissions are estimated by aggregated all assets within the country and scaled to account for missing assets. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
22.59
Billion Tonnes
3.89%
of total global emmisions
|
source Satellite imageryAlternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Chemicals Manufacturing |
definition Direct air emissions from the manufacture of soda ash, methanol and ammonia. Indirect emissions from electricity are excluded. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from soda ash, methanol and ammonia manufacture - Emissions estimates from soda ash, methanol and ammonia plants aggregated to the county or district level |
methodology Emissions from the manufacture of soda ash, methanol and ammonia were estimated by using, first, a disaggregation model to characterize the production levels for each plant. Then the production quantity for the plant was multiplied by the proper emissions factors in order to generate emissions estimates. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
5.90
Billion Tonnes
1.01%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Glass Manufacturing |
definition Air emissions from the manufacturing of flat and blown glass. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from glass manufacture - Emissions estimates of individual glass manufacturing plants |
methodology Facilities were obtained from public datasets and other sources. Emissions were estimated at each plant by estimating total production and total sectoral emissions within a country using USGS statistics, EDGAR and CEDS. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
0.47
Billion Tonnes
0.08%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Petrochemical steam cracking Manufacturing |
definition Fugitive and exhaust emissions from combustion-related processes of petrochemical steam cracking of oil and gas products, the main global manufacturing process for producing olefins (ethylene, propylene, butadiene). Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from ethylene manufacture - Emissions estimates and ownership for individual steam cracking ethylene plants |
methodology Plant-level petrochemical emissions were calculated by employing tailored emissions factors, estimated feedstock compositions, and projected outputs for select individual asset and major countries. Specifically, for plants situated in the United States, Europe, and China, this method leverages data on asset-level ethylene capacity, utilization rates, and regional emissions factors to derive more precise estimates. Country-level emissions for the rest of the world were calculated based on ethylene capacity data. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
2.64
Billion Tonnes
0.46%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Pulp and paper Manufacturing |
definition Direct air emissions from the manufacture of chemical and semi-chemical pulp manufacture. Indirect emissions from electricity are excluded. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from pulp and paper manufacture - Emissions estimates for chemical and semi-chemical pulp plants aggregated to the county or district level |
methodology Emissions from the production of chemical, semi-chemical and mechanical pulp were estimated by determining each individual plant’s contribution to the national pulp capacity, which was used to estimate the plant’s share of national production. Relevant emissions factors were applied to derive emissions for a given year. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
1.03
Billion Tonnes
0.18%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Iron and steel Manufacturing |
definition Air emissions released during the manufacturing of crude steel from fuel combustion and industrial processes. Indirect emissions from electricity usage are provided separately. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from steel manufacture - Emissions and ownership estimates for individual steel plants |
methodology Steel emission estimates are modeled separately for two subgroups: (1) Blast furnace, basic oxygenation furnace, and open hearth furnace plants that are modeled with satellite imagery and plant-level capacity to generate facility-level production calibrated against country-level production; and (2) electric furnace plants use a disaggregation model to compute their national capacity share. Country-level emissions are estimated by aggregated all assets within the country and scaled to account for missing assets. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
33.15
Billion Tonnes
5.71%
of total global emmisions
|
source Satellite imageryGround Truth Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Other chemicals Manufacturing |
definition Air emissions from the manufacture of all other chemicals. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from other chemicals manufacture - Emissions estimates from other chemicals manufacturing aggregated to the county or district level |
methodology Emissions were estimated by spatially disaggregating country-level CEDS emissions estimates using proxies like night light intensity. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
11.98
Billion Tonnes
2.06%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Lime Manufacturing |
definition Air emissions from the processing and manufacture of lime. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from lime processing - Emissions estimates of individual lime processing plants |
methodology Facilities were obtained from public datasets and other sources. Emissions were estimated at each plant by estimating total production and total sectoral emissions within a country using USGS statistics, EDGAR and CEDS. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
5.04
Billion Tonnes
0.87%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Other manufacturing Manufacturing |
definition Air emissions from other manufacturing industries such as electronics, machinery and equipment manufacturing. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from other manufacturing industries - Emissions estimates for individual facilities available in some countries only |
methodology Self reported plant-level emissions data were gathered from various governments sites for few selected countries (Canada, USA, Israel, Europe). Country-level emissions from 2015 to 2023 are from EDGAR, with 2024 emissions forward filled based on 2023 estimates. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
16.77
Billion Tonnes
2.89%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Food beverages and tobacco Manufacturing |
definition Air emissions from the processing and manufacturing of food products and beverages. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from food and beverage manufacture - Emissions estimates of individual food and beverage manufacturing plants |
methodology Facilities were obtained from Open Supply Hub. Emissions were estimated at each plant by estimating total production and total sectoral emissions within a country using UNIDO statistics, EDGAR and CEDS. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
2.44
Billion Tonnes
0.42%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Other metals Manufacturing |
definition Air emissions released from the refining and smelting of all other metals. Indirect emissions from electricity are excluded. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from other metals refining and smelting - Emissions estimates for metal smelting/refinery emissions aggregated to the county or district level |
methodology Emissions were estimated by spatially disaggregating country-level CEDS emissions estimates using proxies like night lights. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
0.51
Billion Tonnes
0.09%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Wood and wood products Manufacturing |
definition Air emissions released from the manufacturing of wood and wood products. Indirect emissions from electricity are excluded. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from the manufacture of wood and wood products - Emissions estimates for manufacture of wood and wood products aggregated to the county or district level |
methodology Emissions were estimated by spatially disaggregating country-level CEDS emissions estimates using proxies like night light intensity. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
0.17
Billion Tonnes
0.03%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Textiles leather and apparel Manufacturing |
definition Air emissions from the manufacturing of textiles and leather - specifically emissions from fiber processing, dyeing and leather tanning. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from textiles and leather manufacture - Emissions estimates of individual textile and leather plants |
methodology Facilities were obtained from Open Supply Hub. Emissions were estimated at each plant by estimating total production and total sectoral emissions within a country using UNIDO statistics, EDGAR and CEDS. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
0.60
Billion Tonnes
0.10%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
Fossil fuel operations
Greenhouse gas emissions from oil and gas production, refining, and coal mining.
emissions
| subsector | definition | methodology | Co2e emmisions |
source | data frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
subsector Coal mining Fossil fuel operations |
definition Fugitive methane emissions from coal mining, and post-mining activities of commercially operating mines and carbon dioxide emissions from on-site fuel combustion for coal extraction, handling, and logistics. |
methodology At the country level, a statistical model was constructed using historic data going back 10 years from 2007-2018 based on verified production statistics and forecasting forward to derive 2021 data, before apply relevant emissions factors. Asset-level estimates from Global Energy Monitor. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
16.60
Billion Tonnes
2.86%
of total global emmisions
|
source Satellite imageryAlternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Oil and gas production Fossil fuel operations |
definition Combustion and fugitive emissions from pumping, separating, flaring, and venting during oil and gas extraction, processing, refining, compression, liquefaction, and regasification. Data available for download: - Country-level emissions totals from all oil and gas extraction processes within the country - Emissions estimates from oil and gas assets aggregated to basin-level/sub-basin level. |
methodology Oil and gas field- and basin-level carbon dioxide and methane emissions are estimated with the Oil Production Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimator (OPGEE) Model. Inputs include a number of oil and gas field characteristics, including production volumes, gas content and compositions, oil assays, and satellite-derived flaring volumes. Field-level estimates are summed and scaled to country-level on an annual basis. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
36.30
Billion Tonnes
6.25%
of total global emmisions
|
source Satellite imageryAlternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Oil and gas refining Fossil fuel operations |
definition Fugitive and exhaust emissions from combustion-related processes of crude oil refining. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from oil refining within a country - Emissions estimates and ownership for individual oil refining plants |
methodology Oil refining emissions are estimated with the Petroleum Refinery Life-Cycle Inventory Model (PRELIM). PRELIM estimates energy use and greenhouse gas emissions associated with processing various crude oil types for different refinery configurations. Inputs include refinery locations, configurations, and crude refining throughputs to generate GHG intensities and absolute emissions by country. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
9.66
Billion Tonnes
1.66%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Other fossil fuel operations Fossil fuel operations |
definition Fugitive and exhaust emissions from all remaining fossil fuel operation activities. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from all other fossil fuel operations within a country |
methodology EDGAR energy subsectors were subtracted from Climate TRACE fossil fuel operations to derive "other energy use" for annual emissions from 2015 to 2023, with 2024 estimates forward filled based on 2023 estimates. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
6.87
Billion Tonnes
1.18%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Solid fuel transformation Fossil fuel operations |
definition Fugitive methane and carbon dioxide emissions from the manufacture of secondary and tertiary products from solid fuels. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from solid fuel transformation within a country |
methodology Data from EDGAR. Estimates available from 2015 to 2023, with 2024 data forward filled based on 2023 estimates. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
5.93
Billion Tonnes
1.02%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Oil and gas transport Fossil fuel operations |
definition Combustion and fugitive emissions from transport of crude oil and natural gas by pipeline and by road. Data available for download: - Country-level emissions totals from all oil and gas transport within the country - Emissions estimates from oil and gas transport aggregated to basin-level/sub-basin level. |
methodology Oil and gas field- and basin-level carbon dioxide and methane emissions are estimated with the Oil Production Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimator (OPGEE) Model. Inputs include a number of oil and gas field characteristics, including production volumes, gas content and compositions, oil assays, and satellite-derived flaring volumes. Field-level estimates are summed and scaled to country-level on an annual basis. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
19.40
Billion Tonnes
3.34%
of total global emmisions
|
source Satellite imageryAlternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
Transportation
Greenhouse gas emissions from on-road vehicles, aviation, shipping, railways and other modes of transportation.
emissions
| subsector | definition | methodology | Co2e emmisions |
source | data frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
subsector Domestic aviation Transportation |
definition Air emissions from the combustion of fuels in domestic commercial, cargo, private flights, and general aviation. Onsite emissions from airport ground operations are not included. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from all flights between international airports - Emissions and ownership from trips between domestic airports aggregated to arriving and departing airports |
methodology Historical flight status data from OAG for all passenger and freight flights were combined with the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO)’s methodology to estimate emissions from flights within one country between 2015 to 2024. Emissions are then assigned and aggregated to the departing and arriving airports. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
2.98
Billion Tonnes
0.51%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Domestic shipping Transportation |
definition Air emissions from the combustion of fuels in domestic voyages of of commercial vessels. Onsite emissions from port operations are not included. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from all voyages between domestic ports - Emissions from voyages between domestic ports aggregated to arriving and departing ports - Emissions from individual ship voyages are available on request |
methodology Shipping emissions are estimated for three types of vessels: (1) Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) transmissions from vessels, which is combined with vessel characteristics, (2) 'Low-information' vessels who broadcast their GPS locations but whose vessel characteristics are estimated, and (3) 'Dark' vessels who don't broadcast their positions and whose emissions are estimated using satellite radar. Emissions then are assigned and aggregated to the corresponding port based on the port of departure and port of arrival of ship, half the emissions for a voyage are assigned to the arrival and departure ports respectively. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
3.13
Billion Tonnes
0.54%
of total global emmisions
|
source Satellite imageryGround Truth Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector International aviation Transportation |
definition Air emissions from the combustion of fuels in international commercial, cargo, private flights, and general aviation. Onsite emissions from airport ground operations are not included. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from all flights between domestic airports - Emissions and ownership from trips between domestic airports aggregated to arriving and departing airports |
methodology Historical flight status data from OAG for all passenger and freight flights is combined with the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO)’s methodology to estimate emissions from flights within one country between 2015 to 2024. Emissions are then assigned and aggregated to the departing and arriving airports. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
4.89
Billion Tonnes
0.84%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector International shipping Transportation |
definition Air emissions from the combustion of fuels in international voyages of commercial vessels. Onsite emissions from port ground operations are not included. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from all voyages between international ports - Emissions from voyages between international ports aggregated to arriving and departing ports - Emissions from individual ship voyages are available on request |
methodology Shipping emissions are estimated for three types of vessels: (1) Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) transmissions from vessels, which is combined with vessel characteristics, (2) 'Low-information' vessels who broadcast their GPS locations but whose vessel characteristics are estimated, and (3) 'Dark' vessels who don't broadcast their positions and whose emissions are estimated using satellite radar. Emissions then are assigned and aggregated to the corresponding port based on the port of departure and port of arrival of ship, half the emissions for a voyage are assigned to the arrival and departure ports respectively. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
6.08
Billion Tonnes
1.05%
of total global emmisions
|
source Satellite imageryGround Truth Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Other transport Transportation |
definition Greenhouse gas emissions from all remaining transport activities. Data available for download: - Country-level emissions totals from all other remaining transport activities within a country |
methodology EDGAR transportation subsector emissions were subtracted from Climate TRACE road transportation, railways, shipping, and aviation emissions to derive "other transport" for annual emissions from 2015 to 2023, with 2024 emissions forward filled based on 2023 estimates. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
1.66
Billion Tonnes
0.29%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Railways Transportation |
definition Greenhouse gas emissions from the combustion of fuels in both freight and passenger trains. Data available for download: - Country-level emissions totals from the railways within a country |
methodology Data from EDGAR. Estimates available from 2015 to 2023, with 2024 estimated forward filled based on 2023 estimates. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
1.03
Billion Tonnes
0.18%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Road transportation Transportation |
definition Air emissions from the combustion of fuels in all road vehicles within a county, district, or administrative area. Data available for download: - Country-level emissions totals from all road transport - Emissions from road transport aggregated to county/district area - Road segment-level emissions available on request. |
methodology Air emissions estimates available from 2015 to 2024. Road segment-level estimates from 2021-2024 are derived from a hybrid machine-learning based model that combines satellite and road network driven activity with region-specific emissions factors, and 2015 to 2020 estimates are derived by scaling EDGAR country-level estimates. Country-level estimates for 2015- 2024 are derived by scaling road-segment level estimates using EDGAR for the specific country and then aggregating up the road segments to the country-level. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
62.79
Billion Tonnes
10.81%
of total global emmisions
|
source Satellite imageryGround Truth Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
Agriculture
Greenhouse gas emissions from the growing of crops and livestock for food and raw materials for non-food consumption.
emissions
| subsector | definition | methodology | Co2e emmisions |
source | data frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
subsector Cropland fires Agriculture |
definition Air emissions from the combustion of agricultural residue burned on site. Emissions are gross (not net) as they do not include the carbon sink associated with vegetation regrowth. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from cropland fires within a country - County or district level emissions from cropland fires - 11km by 11km raster data available on request |
methodology Data compiled from EDGAR. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
13.62
Billion Tonnes
2.34%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Enteric fermentation cattle feedlots Agriculture |
definition Methane emissions from digestive systems of cattle located in cattle operations. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from enteric fermentation from cattle in livestock operation facilities within a country - Emissions estimates and ownership for individual cattle operation facilities available in select countries |
methodology Methane emissions were estimated by identifying individual cattle operations using remote sensing data and AI. Once identified, the cattle operation's area size was used to predict total head of cattle and converted to emissions for years 2015 to 2024. For country-level methane emissions, FAOSTAT data was used for years 2015-2021; and all the remaining years were forward-filled.. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
9.83
Billion Tonnes
1.69%
of total global emmisions
|
source Satellite imageryAlternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Enteric fermentation cattle pasture Agriculture |
definition Methane emissions from digestive systems of cattle located in pasture lands. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from enteric fermentation from cattle in pastures within a country - County or district level emissions from enteric fermentation from cattle in pastures - 10km x 10km raster data available on request |
methodology Methane emissions were estimated using spatially gridded pasture data and FAOSTAT cattle data for years 2015 to 2022, with 2023 forward filled with 2022 FAOSTAT data. Country-level emissions were generated by aggregating pasture emissions within a region. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
11.12
Billion Tonnes
1.91%
of total global emmisions
|
source Satellite imageryAlternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Enteric fermentation other Agriculture |
definition Methane emissions from digestive systems of other livestock animals. Data available for download: Country-level emission totals from enteric fermentation from all other livestock animals within a country |
methodology Methane emissions for other non-cattle animals was estimated using FAOSTAT data for years 2015 to 2021, with the remaining years forward filled. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
7.77
Billion Tonnes
1.34%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Manure applied to soils Agriculture |
definition Nitrous oxides from animal manure applied to soils. Data available for download: Country-level emission totals from agricultural soils within a country |
methodology Emissions estimates compiled from FAOSTAT Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
1.66
Billion Tonnes
0.29%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Manure left on pasture cattle Agriculture |
definition Air emissions from cattle manure decomposition in pasture lands. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from manure management of cattle in pastures within a country - County or district level emissions from manure management of cattle in pastures - 10km x 10km raster data available on request |
methodology Methane emissions were estimated using spatially gridded pasture data and FAOSTAT cattle data for years 2015 to 2022, with 2023 forward filled with 2022 FAOSTAT data. Country-level emissions were generated by aggregating pasture emissions within a region. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
3.67
Billion Tonnes
0.63%
of total global emmisions
|
source Satellite imageryAlternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Manure management cattle operations Agriculture |
definition Air emissions from cattle manure decomposition in cattle operation facilities. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from cattle manure management in livestock operation facilities within a country - Emissions and ownership estimates for individual cattle operation facilities available in select countries |
methodology Air emissions were estimated by identifying individual cattle operations using remote sensing data and AI. Once identified, the cattle operation's area size was used to predict total head of cattle and combined with the predicted manure management practices and monthly mean temperatures to estimate emissions for years 2015 to 2024. For country-level methane emissions, FAOSTAT data was used for years 2015-2021; and all the remaining years were forward-filled. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
0.92
Billion Tonnes
0.16%
of total global emmisions
|
source Satellite imageryGround Truth Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Manure management other Agriculture |
definition Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from other animal manure management. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from manure management of all other livestock animals within a country |
methodology Methane and nitrous oxide emissions for other non-cattle animals was estimated using FAOSTAT data for years 2015 to 2021, with the remaining years forward filled. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
2.22
Billion Tonnes
0.38%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Crop residues Agriculture |
definition Nitrous oxide emissions from crop residues left on fields after harvest. Data available for download: Country-level emission totals from agricultural soils within a country |
methodology Emissions estimates compiled from FAOSTAT Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
1.97
Billion Tonnes
0.34%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Other agricultural soil emissions Agriculture |
definition Greenhouse gas emissions from drained organic soils and manure left on pasture by non-cattle livestock. Data available for download: Country-level emission totals from agricultural soils within a country |
methodology Emissions estimates compiled from FAOSTAT Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
13.57
Billion Tonnes
2.34%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Rice cultivation Agriculture |
definition Methane emissions from the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter in paddy fields. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from rice cultivation within a country - County or district level emissions from rice cultivation in 35 primary rice-growing countries - 10mx10m resolution gridded data available on request |
methodology Methane emissions for 35 countries was estimated by identifying rice fields and practices using satellite-based mapping; estimates available from 2015 to 2023. For the remaining countries, methane emissions were generated from FAOSTAT rice production for years 2015-2021; with the remaining years forward-filled. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
7.33
Billion Tonnes
1.26%
of total global emmisions
|
source Satellite imageryAlternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Synthetic fertilizer application Agriculture |
definition Direct and indirect nitrous oxide emissions from the application of synthetic fertilizers in agricultural soils. Data available for download: Country-level emission totals from synthetic fertilizer application within a country County or district level emissions from synthetic fertilizer application in over 100 countries. Ownership data for selected regions available. 4x4km resolution gridded data available on request |
methodology Direct and indirect N₂O emissions from synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer are calculated by estimating crop-specific N fertilizer use based on each crop’s N harvest and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Crop-specific N harvest is derived from crop yield, harvest area, and N content, while crop-specific NUE is determined using a statistical model that factors in the total N fertilizer usage within a country, the national average NUE, and crop-specific N harvest. This approach allows for redistributing the country’s total N fertilizer usage across individual crops. Finally, the estimated synthetic nitrogen applied to crops is converted to total N₂O emissions at the national scale using IPCC Tier 1 emission factors. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
5.40
Billion Tonnes
0.93%
of total global emmisions
|
source Satellite imageryAlternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
Buildings
Greenhouse gas emissions from onsite fuel combustion in residential, commercial and institutional buildings.
emissions
| subsector | definition | methodology | Co2e emmisions |
source | data frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
subsector Other onsite fuel usage Buildings |
definition Greenhouse gas emissions from fuel combustion in stationary and mobile sources not otherwise specified. Data available for download: Country-level emission totals from other onsite fuel usage within a country |
methodology Data from EDGAR's category "Non-Specified" from 2015 - 2023 with 2024 estimates estimated by forward filling 2023 estimates. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
2.06
Billion Tonnes
0.36%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Non-residential onsite fuel usage Buildings |
definition Air emissions from onsite fuel combustion in non-residential buildings. Indirect emissions from buildings (i.e., electricity) are not included. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from onsite building fuel usage within a country - County, district and city level level emissions totals - 1 km x 1 km raster data available on request |
methodology Emissions estimates were derived by disaggregating EDGAR Version 8 emissions data using satellite-derived floor area estimates to derive 1x1km emissions estimates. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
4.57
Billion Tonnes
0.79%
of total global emmisions
|
source Satellite imageryAlternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Residential onsite fuel usage Buildings |
definition Air emissions from onsite fuel combustion in residential buildings. Indirect emissions from buildings (i.e., electricity) are not included. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from onsite building fuel usage within a country - County, district and city level level emissions totals - 1 km x 1 km raster data available on request |
methodology Emissions estimates were derived by disaggregating EDGAR Version 8 emissions data using satellite-derived floor area estimates to derive 1x1km emissions estimates. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
33.51
Billion Tonnes
5.77%
of total global emmisions
|
source Satellite imageryAlternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
Waste
Greenhouse gas emissions from solid waste disposal on land, wastewater, waste incineration and any other waste management activity.
emissions
| subsector | definition | methodology | Co2e emmisions |
source | data frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
subsector Industrial wastewater treatment and discharge Waste |
definition Air emissions from the treatment and disposal of wastewater from industrial sources, specifically: meat production, pulp and paper, petroleum refinery and petrochemical manufacturing, steel production, fruit and vegetable production, beer production, and ethanol refining industries. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from industrial wastewater treatment within a country - Emissions estimates for individual wastewater treatment plants associated with steel and paper and pulp ma |
methodology Emissions were estimated by using Climate TRACE data for steel and paper and pulp activity data along with IPCC methodology for estimating industrial wastewater emissions. Country-level emission were estimated using Climate TRACE activity data for paper and pulp, steel, petroleum refining and petrochemicals, and FAOSTAT activity data for all other industries. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
1.60
Billion Tonnes
0.27%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Biological treatment of solid waste Waste |
definition Greenhouse gas emissions from composting and anaerobic digestion of organic waste, such as food waste, garden (yard) and park waste, and sludge. Data available for download: Country-level emission totals from biological treatment of waste within a country |
methodology Data from EDGAR from 2015 - 2023 with 2024 estimates estimated by forward filling 2023 estimates. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
0.24
Billion Tonnes
0.04%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Incineration and open burning of waste Waste |
definition Greenhouse gas emissions from the combustion of solid and liquid waste in controlled incineration facilities, as well as in nature (open-air) or in open dumps. Data available for download: Country-level emission totals from incineration and open burning of waste within a country |
methodology Data from EDGAR from 2015 - 2023 with 2024 estimates estimated by forward filling 2023 estimates. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
0.61
Billion Tonnes
0.11%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Solid waste disposal Waste |
definition Air emissions from the treatment and disposal of municipal, industrial, and other solid waste in landfills and dumpsites. Electricity generation facilities are excluded from this subsector. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from solid waste disposal within a country - Emissions estimates for individual landfills and dumpsites |
methodology Solid waste disposal methane emissions are directly republished from self-reported facility-level datasets where available. Where unavailable, methane emissions are estimated through a Bayesian hierarchical regression model using waste quantities as its predictor if known, or using land area to predict both incoming waste and consequent emissions if waste data are unavailable. Country-level emissions from EDGAR, except in cases where the combined total of the landfill-level emissions exceeded the EDGAR-estimate. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
12.92
Billion Tonnes
2.22%
of total global emmisions
|
source Satellite imageryGround Truth Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Domestic wastewater treatment and discharge Waste |
definition Air emissions from the treatment and disposal of wastewater in centralized treatment plants from domestic sources. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from wastewater treatment within a country - Emissions estimates for individual wastewater treatment plants |
methodology Domestic wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) emissions were estimated by combining reported data from the Hydrowaste database with WWTPs verified using a satellite imagery and machine learning algorithms. Once identified, emissions were estimated based on the IPCC national greenhouse gas inventory guidelines. Country-level emissions were estimated by using population data for each country and disaggregating them into different wastewater treatment pathways using the WHO/JMP - WASH dataset and combining them with standard IPCC emissions factors, climate zone data and WWTP treatment technology type from Hydrowaste. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
7.16
Billion Tonnes
1.23%
of total global emmisions
|
source Satellite imageryAlternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
Fluorinated gases
Greenhouse gas emissions from the release of fluorinated gases used in refrigeration, air-conditioning, transport, and industry.
emissions
| subsector | definition | methodology | Co2e emmisions |
source | data frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
subsector Fluorinated gases Fluorinated gases |
definition Greenhouse gas emissions from the use of fluorinated greenhouse gases in mobile and stationary air conditioning systems and other industries. Data available for download: Country-level emission totals from fluorinated gases within a country |
methodology Data from EDGAR from 2015 - 2022 with remaining years estimates estimated by forward filling 2023 estimates. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
13.97
Billion Tonnes
2.40%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
Mineral Extraction
Greenhouse gas emissions from mining and quarrying of minerals and ores.
emissions
| subsector | definition | methodology | Co2e emmisions |
source | data frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
subsector Bauxite mining Mineral Extraction |
definition Emissions from energy usage in bauxite mining activities. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from bauxite mining within a country - Emissions estimates and ownership for individual bauxite mines |
methodology Bauxite mining emissions are derived from annual country-level production (2010-2019) and forecasted through 2023. Where available asset level data, data is aggregated from 2020 to 2023. InSAR analysis was used for some assets where production data wasn’t available, by developing scaling factors from assets where we had both InSAR and reported production values. Emission factors were calculated from reported CO2 emissions and production statistics, then averaged by country or region. Finally, emissions factors are combined with activity data to estimate total emission. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
0.11
Billion Tonnes
0.02%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Copper mining Mineral Extraction |
definition Emissions from energy usage in copper mining activities. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from copper mining within a country - Emissions estimates and ownership for individual copper mines |
methodology Copper-mining emissions are derived from annual country-level production (2010-2019) and forecasted through 2023. Where available asset level data, data is aggregated from 2020 to 2023. InSAR analysis was used for some assets where production data wasn’t available, by developing scaling factors from assets where we had both InSAR and reported production values. Emission factors were calculated from reported CO2 emissions and production statistics, then averaged by country or region. Finally, emissions factors are combined with activity data to estimate total emission. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
0.76
Billion Tonnes
0.13%
of total global emmisions
|
source Satellite imageryAlternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Iron mining Mineral Extraction |
definition Emissions from energy usage in iron mining activities. Data available for download: - Country-level emission totals from iron mining within a country - Emissions estimates and ownership for individual iron mines |
methodology Iron mining emissions are derived from annual country-level production (2010-2019) and forecasted through 2023. Where available asset level data, data is aggregated from 2020 to 2023. InSAR analysis was used for some assets where production data wasn’t available, by developing scaling factors from assets where we had both InSAR and reported production values. Emission factors were calculated from reported CO2 emissions and production statistics, then averaged by country or region. Finally, emissions factors are combined with activity data to estimate total emission. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
1.03
Billion Tonnes
0.18%
of total global emmisions
|
source Satellite imageryAlternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Rock quarrying Mineral Extraction |
definition Air emissions from energy usage for mining limestone, granite, and marble. Data available for download: Country-level emission totals from rock quarrying within a country |
methodology Rock-quarry emissions are derived from total production inventories at yearly, country-level scale using a minimum of 9 years of production data (2010-2018). Data availability varies between countries and it is forecasted through 2024. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
0.01
Billion Tonnes
0.00%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Sand quarrying Mineral Extraction |
definition Air emissions from the extraction of sand and gravel and used in the construction industry. Data available for download: Country-level emission totals from sand quarrying within a country |
methodology Sand-quarry emissions are derived from total production inventories at yearly, country-level scale using a minimum of 9 years of production data (2010-2018). Data availability varies between countries and it is forecasted through 2024. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
0.01
Billion Tonnes
0.00%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Other mining and quarrying Mineral Extraction |
definition Air emissions from the extraction of all other mined and quarried materials. Data available for download: Country-level emission totals from mining and quarrying within a country |
methodology Emissions were estimated by spatially disaggregating country-level CEDS emissions estimates using proxies like night light intensity. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
0.36
Billion Tonnes
0.06%
of total global emmisions
|
source Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
Forestry and Land Use
Greenhouse gas emissions and removals from change in living biomass due to clearing, degradation and fires in forests, grasslands and wetlands.
emissions
| subsector | definition | methodology | Co2e emmisions |
source | data frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
subsector Net Forest & Mangrove Carbon Stock Change - living biomass Forestry and Land Use |
definition Emissions and removals of CO2 from living biomass in forest and mangrove lands. Positive emissions are considered committed (source) emissions to the atmosphere and negative emissions corresponds to carbon sequestration (sink) from the living biomass. Data available for download: - Country-level net emissions from forestry in a country - Net emissions from forestry aggregated to county, district, or city levels - 1km x 1km raster data available on request for net forest emissions, forest fires, forest |
methodology Net emissions from the forestry sector was derived by first estimating annual total live carbon biomass (TLB, Mg CO2e) in forest vegetation from above ground biomass (AGB) and below ground biomass (BGB). AGB was estimated in machine learning models using a combination of LIDAR, SAR, and, multispectral remote sensing datasets, which was used to derive BGB using allometric models. These approaches were applied to years 2015 to 2021. Then net changes (emissions) in carbon stock between years was calculated by subtracting current year's TLB from the previous year's TLB. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
-6.67
Billion Tonnes
-1.15%
of total global emmisions
|
source Satellite imageryGround Truth Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Net Grassland Carbon Stock Change - living biomass Forestry and Land Use |
definition Emissions and removals of CO2 from living biomass in grasslands and shrublands. Positive emissions are considered committed (source) emissions to the atmosphere and negative emissions corresponds to carbon sequestration (sink) from the living biomass. Data available for download: - Country-level net emissions from grasslands in a country - Net emissions from grasslands aggregated to county, district, or city levels - 1km x 1km raster data available on request for net grassland emissions, and grassland |
methodology Net emissions from the grassland sector was derived by first estimating annual total live carbon biomass (TLB, Mg CO2e) in grass and shrub vegetation from above ground biomass (AGB) and below ground biomass (BGB). AGB was estimated in machine learning models using a combination of LIDAR, SAR, and, multispectral remote sensing datasets, which was used to derive BGB using allometric models. These approaches were applied to years 2015 to 2021. Then net changes (emissions) in carbon stock between years was calculated by subtracting current year's TLB from the previous year's TLB. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
0.07
Billion Tonnes
0.01%
of total global emmisions
|
source Satellite imageryGround Truth Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Net Wetland Net Carbon Stock Change - living biomass Forestry and Land Use |
definition Emissions and removals of CO2 from living biomass in wetlands. Positive emissions are considered committed (source) emissions to the atmosphere and negative emissions corresponds to carbon sequestration (sink) from the living biomass. Data available for download: - Country-level net emissions from wetlands in a country - Net emissions from wetlands aggregated to county, district, or city levels - 1km x 1km raster data available on request for net wetland emissions, and wetland fires. |
methodology Net emissions from the wetland sector was derived by first estimating annual total live carbon biomass (TLB, Mg CO2e) in wetland vegetation from above ground biomass (AGB) and below ground biomass (BGB). AGB was estimated in machine learning models using a combination of LIDAR, SAR, and, multispectral remote sensing datasets, which was used to derive BGB using allometric models. These approaches were applied to years 2015 to 2021. Then net changes (emissions) in carbon stock between years was calculated by subtracting current year's TLB from the previous year's TLB. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
2.89
Billion Tonnes
0.50%
of total global emmisions
|
source Satellite imageryGround Truth Alternative |
data frequency Updated every month |
|
subsector Water reservoirs Forestry and Land Use |
definition Greenhouse gas emissions from human-made or regulated natural water bodies. Data available for download: Country-level emission totals from water reservoirs within a country Emissions estimates for individual water reservoirs |
methodology Water reservoir emissions were estimated by combining data from reservoir databases such as HydroLAKES, GOODD and GraND. Change in surface area of reservoirs were estimated using satellite-derived NDWI. Emissions factors were taken from the IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventory guidelines, adjusted by climatic zones and age of the reservoir. Methodology |
Co2e emmisions
0.97
Billion Tonnes
0.17%
of total global emmisions
|
source Satellite imageryAlternative |
data frequency Updated every month |